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Orzecznictwo

Z orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego: wynagrodzenie ryczałtowe

            W dniu 19 lutego 2021 r. Sąd Najwyższy rozpoznając sprawę o sygn. akt III CSKP 9/21 (publ. SIP Lex nr 3122743) wydał wyrok w którym dokonał charakterystyki wynagrodzenia ryczałtowego.

            W przypadku umowy o roboty budowlane strony mogą umówić się na wynagrodzenie ryczałtowe lub kosztorysowe. Dla wykonawcy korzystniejsze jest zazwyczaj wynagrodzenie kosztorysowe, natomiast dla zamawiającego lepsze wydaje się być wynagrodzenie kosztorysowe. W treści umowy stanowiącej podstawę wydania niniejszego orzeczenia wskazano, że wynagrodzenie obejmuje wszystkie koszty i nie podlegała waloryzacji. Sąd Najwyższy wskazał zatem, że w takim przypadku przyjęcie przez strony niezmiennego charakteru wynagrodzenia nie powinno budzić większych wątpliwości. Ponadto w orzeczeniu wskazano, że oceny rodzaju wynagrodzenia nie może podważyć fakt wyliczenia wynagrodzenia w oparciu o kosztorysy ofertowe przedłożone przez wykonawcę w toku postępowania przetargowego, gdyż ich celem może być zapewnienie porównywalności ofert różnych wykonawców. Okoliczność ta w żadnej mierze nie wykluczy uznania, że ustalone na podstawie takich kryteriów wynagrodzenie ma charakter ryczałtowy, gdyż w tej mierze decydujące znaczenie ma treść umowy. Ponadto na ryczałtowy charakter wynagrodzenia może wskazywać dokonywanie następczych zmian jego wysokości w formie aneksów do umowy, co z zasady nie jest niezbędne w wypadku zastrzeżenia wynagrodzenia kosztorysowego. W dalszej części uzasadnienia wskazano, że kosztorysowy charakter wynagrodzenia nie daje podstaw do wstrzymywania się przez zamawiającego z odbiorem robót. Odbiór taki służy bowiem weryfikacji, czy roboty zostały wykonane w zakresie objętym umową i w sposób zgodny ze sztuką budowlaną, czy też posiadają wady. Co do zasady nie musi to być powiązane z weryfikacją wysokości należnego wynagrodzenia kosztorysowego.

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Prawo spadkowe 10.06.2024
[Inheritance law] Pursuing inheritance rights in Poland. Legal advice in personal matters.

Inheritance proceedings in Poland are a legal process that aims to regulate the issue of inheritance of property after a deceased person. This procedure is necessary to determine who is entitled to the inheritance and what parts of the estate they are entitled to. This process can be complicated, especially when different forms of assets, debts or disputes between heirs are involved. It is worth using the help of a lawyer specializing in inheritance law to make sure that all formalities will be completed in accordance with the regulations and the rights of the heirs will be properly secured. Using professional legal assistance is particularly important when the case concerns large assets, many heirs or complex legal issues. A lawyer will help not only in the inheritance proceedings themselves, but also in the division of property, which is the next step after confirming the inheritance. legal advisor Gdynia Gdańsk Sopot Maritime Voivodeship Poolska attorney Polish law firm inheritance cases Poland Gdańsk Gdynia legal advice Poland lawyer Gdańsk Gdynia, court lawyer private matters Gdańsk Gdynia division of property legal advisor Gdynia Gdańsk Tricity Polish legal representation before the Polish court Poland Gdansk Gdynia Lawyer, Legal Advisor, Attorney - Specialist in Inheritance Law and Property Matters Entry A specialist in inheritance law and property matters is a lawyer who has advanced knowledge and experience in the field of inheritance, division of property, wills and other issues related to the deceased's estate. This type of specialist may act as a legal advisor or attorney, offering comprehensive legal assistance both in court proceedings and as part of pre-trial counseling. Choosing the right professional is crucial for the proper conduct of inheritance proceedings and the protection of the client's interests. Lawyer Lawyer is a general term that refers to a person who has completed law school and is knowledgeable in various areas of law. A lawyer may specialize in various branches of law, including inheritance and property law. A lawyer specializing in these areas has analytical skills, knowledge of regulations and negotiation skills that are necessary to effectively handle inheritance matters. Although a lawyer can offer legal advice, it is necessary to hold the title of solicitor or barrister to represent clients in court. Legal Counsel A legal advisor is a person who has completed legal advisor training and passed the legal advisor exam, which entitles him or her to provide legal assistance to the full extent, including representing clients before courts and offices. A legal advisor specializing in inheritance law and property matters offers a wide range of services, such as preparing wills, inheritance advice, conducting negotiations between heirs and representing clients in court and administrative proceedings. A legal advisor can also conduct mediation, helping the parties reach an agreement without the need for a lengthy court process. Advocate A lawyer is a lawyer who has completed his legal training and passed the bar exam, which authorizes him to practice as a lawyer and represent clients in all types of cases, including criminal, civil, administrative and family cases. A lawyer specializing in inheritance and property law has in-depth knowledge of court procedures and legal provisions regarding inheritance and division of property. A lawyer can represent clients in court, prepare and review contracts and legal documents, as well as advise on issues related to tax optimization of inheritance assets. Specialization in Inheritance and Property Law A lawyer, legal adviser or attorney specializing in inheritance law and property matters deals with a wide range of issues related to inheritance and management of property after the death of the testator. His services include: Preparing and reviewing wills: Assistance in creating wills in accordance with applicable regulations, advice on optimal will solutions, securing the interests of heirs. Consulting in the field of inheritance: Analysis of the client's legal situation, advice in choosing the most advantageous forms of inheritance, explaining the regulations regarding statutory and testamentary inheritance. Conducting inheritance proceedings: Representing clients before courts in cases regarding the declaration of inheritance, division of inheritance, invalidation of a will, declaring an heir unworthy of inheritance. Negotiations and mediations: Conducting negotiations between heirs in order to reach an agreement on the division of property, conducting mediation in disputes. Tax optimization: Consulting in the field of tax optimization related to inheritance and management of inheritance assets, assistance in avoiding unfavorable tax consequences. www.adviser.law/en/ Using the services of a lawyer, legal advisor or attorney specializing in inheritance law and property matters is a key step in the inheritance process. Professional legal assistance ensures not only compliance with applicable regulations, but also protection of the client's interests and effective management of inheritance assets. This type of specialist has the knowledge, experience and skills necessary to handle even the most complicated inheritance cases, which allows you to avoid many legal and formal problems. Legal services in personal matters of natural persons Legal services for individuals include a wide range of support and advice on legal issues that may affect everyday life. Lawyers specializing in this field help clients in family, inheritance and property matters, as well as in civil disputes. Professional assistance from a lawyer ensures not only compliance with applicable regulations, but also protection of clients' rights and interests in various life situations. Inheritance law Under inheritance law, lawyers offer comprehensive services related to inheritance and property management after the testator's death. The most important services include: Preparation of wills: Advice on the preparation of wills so that they are legal and effectively protect the interests of heirs. Inheritance proceedings: Representation of clients in court in cases regarding the declaration of inheritance, division of inheritance, invalidation of a will or recognition of an heir as unworthy. Division of inheritance assets: Advice and assistance in the division of assets between heirs, negotiations and mediation in the event of disputes. Tax optimization: Advice on minimizing tax burdens related to inheritance of property. Civil Law Lawyers specializing in civil law help individuals in a wide range of matters related to civil rights and obligations. They offer support in: Agreements and contracts: Preparing, reviewing and negotiating civil law contracts, such as lease, sale, loan, donation or mandate contracts. Protection of personal rights: Representation in matters concerning violation of personal rights, such as good name, privacy or image, as well as in disputes for compensation for such violations. Litigation: Representation in court proceedings involving a variety of civil disputes, including claims for damages, contractual obligations, debt collection claims and property rights matters. Property Law Legal services in the field of property law include advice and legal assistance in matters related to property ownership and management. Lawyers offer support in: Real estate: Advice on purchase, sale, rental and lease transactions of real estate, assistance in matters related to establishing mortgages, analysis of the legal status of real estate and court disputes regarding ownership. Property law: Representation in matters relating to property rights, such as easements, usufruct, pledges and protection of possession. Division of joint property: Assistance in the division of joint property after divorce or separation, advice on the optimal financial and property solution for clients. Summary Legal services for individuals include a wide range of support in personal, family, inheritance, civil and property matters. Specialist assistance from a lawyer ensures the protection of clients' rights and interests and compliance of activities with applicable law. Thanks to professional advice and representation, individuals can effectively manage their legal affairs, avoid mistakes and minimize legal risk. It is worth using the services of an experienced lawyer to be sure that all legal matters will be handled reliably and professionally.

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Prawo sportowe 06.02.2023
[Sports law] Sports Litigation & Arbitration in Poland

Settlement of legal disputes in sport, in particular those of a property nature, which can be colloquially referred to as "vindication in sport" or "sports vindication", is generally carried out in arbitration (arbitration proceedings), referred to as sports arbitration. In many cases, in order to properly resolve disputes, sports organizations have established specialized permanent arbitration courts (permanent arbitration courts) - Arbitration Tribunals, which by definition know the norms of sports law and understand the specificity of sport, which is to ensure proper recognition of cases and settlement of disputes in sport. The main purpose of recognition of the disputes in the field of broadly understood sports law relations by Arbitration Tribunals, i.e. excluding the jurisdiction of common courts, is the speed and efficiency of examining such disputes and the fairness of arbitration proceedings, in particular due to the knowledge of the regulations of sports organizations and associations referred to as sports law or more broadly as lex sportiva. It should be noted that the market of legal services, attorneys representing the parties (replacing the parties) in proceedings in sports law disputes, has also educated lawyers specializing in sports law, or law firms practicing in the field of sports law (sports law firms). Sports law also includes standards regulating the recognition of legal disputes in sport, in terms of the system, i.e. determining the bodies competent to consider such disputes - Arbitration Tribunals (permanent arbitration courts).Arbitration Tribunals can be classified as: 1) domestic and foreign, 2) operating within a given sport discipline (e.g. football or basketball). Sports law, sports law in poland, polish sports law, polish sports lawyer, sports lawyer in poland, disputes in sport poland, poland lex sportiva, sports law poland , football disputes poland, football court poland, footbnall litigation poland, law in sport poland, Legal disputes in sport and the resolution of legal disputes in sports (sports law, lex sportiva) is generally carried out in arbitration (ADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution), referred to as modification of sports arbitration. However, this is not a rule without exceptions. It should be emphasized that the main or most popular sports disciplines (basketball and football) have been developed by specialized permanent arbitration courts such as PSP (PZPN - Polish FA - Football Arbitration Court), Football Tribunal on FIFA: DRC (Dispute Resolution Chamber) , PSC (Players' Status Chamber), AC (Agents Chamber), STA (Polish Basketball Federation Arbitration Tribunal). Moreover, in Poland cases are also heard by the Arbitration Tribunal at PKOL (Polish Olympic Committee), and internationally by CAS / TAS - the Sports Arbitration Court, also known as the Sports Arbitration Court with its seat in Lausanne and branches in New York and Sydney.

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