The amendment to the Commercial Companies Code of 2022 introduced many important changes, which we describe in one of the entries on the blog of our law firm - Commercial Companies Law. Changes in the functioning of supervisory boards and group of companies - Amendment to the provisions of the Commercial Companies Code (holding law).
Nevertheless, in this post we present in more detail the institution of an advisor to the supervisory board, including the function of an advisor to the supervisory board in the process of supervising the activities of a limited liability company (sp. z o. o.), a joint-stock company (SA), a simple joint-stock company (PSA), or a limited joint-stock partnership (SKA).
An (legal) advisor to the supervisory board is an external person whose task is to support the supervisory board of the company, especially a company that is the so-called A State Treasury Company (SSP), in the implementation of its supervisory duties. As a reminder, it should be noted that the supervisory board plays a key role in supervising the company's operations, especially in joint-stock companies and limited liability companies. Her main tasks include:
- supervision over the company's activities: The supervisory board exercises constant supervision over the company's activities in all aspects of its operation. This means monitoring the activities of the management board and checking the compliance of the company's activities with applicable law and the company's statute,
- assessment of financial statements: The supervisory board analyzes and evaluates the company's annual financial statements and the management board's reports on the company's activities. The purpose of this assessment is to ensure the reliability and compliance of the reports with the actual financial condition of the company,
- recommending decisions: The supervisory board gives opinions and recommends decisions to be made by the general meeting, such as profit distribution, loss coverage or share issue. Thanks to this, shareholders can make informed decisions based on the opinion of the supervisory authority,
- appointing and dismissing management board members: In some companies, the supervisory board has the competence to appoint and dismiss management board members. This is an important control tool that allows the supervisory board to influence the company's management,
- approving the remuneration of management board members: The supervisory board often decides on the remuneration of management board members to ensure that these remunerations are adequate to the company's results and the market situation,
- control and verification activities: The supervisory board may undertake control and verification activities, such as internal audits, inspection of documents and accounting books, and commissioning external audits. Thanks to this, he can monitor the company's condition on an ongoing basis,
- cooperation with a certified auditor: The supervisory board cooperates with a certified auditor in the process of auditing financial statements, which allows for an independent assessment of the company's financial condition,
- other statutory tasks: The company's statute may provide for additional tasks for the supervisory board, such as approving specific decisions of the management board or making strategic decisions.
The supervisory board therefore plays a key role in ensuring transparency and proper functioning of the company, while being a body that protects the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders of the company.
In many cases, the activities of the supervisory board cover areas of the company's operations that require specialized knowledge, such as:
- labor law, e.g. work regulations, pay scales in the company, etc.,
- competition law,
- corporate matters, e.g. organization of corporate governance ( corporate governance ),
- determining the liability of members of the company's bodies,
- organizational and legal audits,
- supervision over the spending of funds on CSR activities or promotion through sports, including sports sponsorship, and sport law,
- industry legal regulations, such as the laws of the TSL industry (transport-forwarding-logistics), or specific regulations relating to a specific company or the economic sector in which a specific company conducts its core business, e.g. in the case of construction companies - construction law, and in the case of companies operating in port and sea industry - Act of December 20, 1996 on sea ports and sea harbors (Journal of Laws of 2023, item 1796 - i.e. ).
Pursuant to Art. 219 §1 of the Commercial Companies Code . in the case of a limited liability company, and Art. 382 §1 of the Commercial Companies Code , the supervisory board exercises constant supervision over the company's activities in all areas of its activity. Nevertheless, in order to properly perform supervisory functions, the supervisory board may appoint a committee of the supervisory board (in the case of a limited liability company - Article 219(1) of the Commercial Companies Code ) or appoint an advisor to the supervisory board (in the case of a limited liability company - Article 219( 1) of the Commercial Companies Code. 2) Commercial Companies Code , and in the case of a joint stock company (SA>) – Article 382(1) of the Commercial Companies Code .
The main purpose of introducing this function is to provide the supervisory board with access to specialist knowledge that its members may not have. An advisor to the supervisory board may be a lawyer or legal adviser with appropriate competences to perform the tasks entrusted to him. His duties include, among others: verification activities, document analysis and advice on decisions made by the supervisory board.
The role of the advisor to the supervisory board in the context of the responsibility of supervisory board members is also important. The support of a supervisory board advisor allows members of the supervisory board to better fulfill their duties, which minimizes the risk of making wrong decisions and potential violations of the law. This, in turn, translates into increased legal security of the entire company and the members of the supervisory board themselves.
To sum up, an advisor to the supervisory board is a new and important institution in Polish commercial company law, intended to support supervisory boards, especially in companies with State Treasury shareholding, by providing members of supervisory boards with specialized knowledge and assistance in the proper implementation of supervisory and checking activities of the company's activities. Advisor to the supervisory board, by supporting the independence of the supervisory board in specific areas of the company's operations, such as corporate governance, internal legal acts of the company, industry legal regulations or specific provisions of common law, as well as those related to the specificity of a given field of the economy in which the company conducts its core business, allows for management of the liability risk of supervisory board members and ensures effective supervision of the company. A law firm specializing in servicing companies can play a key role in providing advice to the supervisory board, including identifying a person with the specialist knowledge necessary for the supervisory board to properly perform its functions by its members. Cooperation with an advisor with specialist knowledge in the field of commercial company law, labor law, tax law, company accounting, or sports law - sponsoring activities in sports (sports sponsorship) and other forms of promotion through sports, is an added value, enabling effective supervision and control over the company's activities in relation to the audit of activities already performed (e.g. completed promotional campaigns) as well as potential or planned activities, as well as covering these activities with the complinace process, i.e. determining their justification, compliance with the law and business justification (implementation of an economic goal).